Associação entre os cinco grandes fatores da personalidade e a intenção de corrupção / The Relationship Between the Big Five Personality Factors and the Intention of Corruption

Resumo A comportamento corrupto deve ser investigado a partir de diferentes níveis de análise. A nível intraindividual, a personalidade é uma variável relevante para sua compreensão. Objetivo. Na presente pesquisa, buscou-se analisar a influência dos traços de personalidade na intenção de comportamento corrupto a partir do modelo dos cinco grandes fatores da personalidade. Método. Participaram da pesquisa 286 indivíduos com idades entre 18 e 76 anos. Para coleta, foram utilizadas a Escala Reduzida dos cinco grandes fatores da personalidade, a Medida de Intenção de Corrupção e um questionário sociodemográfico. Resultados. Se encontraram correlações positivas entre a intenção de corrupção com as dimensões amabilidade, conscienciosidade e abertura à experiência. Porém, por meio de uma regressão linear múltipla, apenas a conscienciosidade teve efeito significativo. Implicações são discutidas.

Abstract Corruption must be investigated from different levels of analysis. At the intra-individual level, personality is a relevant variable for its understanding. Objective. In the present research, we sought to analyze the influence of personality traits on the intention of corrupt behavior based on the Big Five model of personality. Method. This study included 286 individuals between the ages of 18 and 76. A Reduced Scale of the Big Five personality factors, and a Corruption Intention Measurement scale, along general sociodemographic data were part of the data collection process. Results. Data showed positive correlations between corruption intention and the dimensions of agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness. However, using multiple linear regression, only conscientiousness had a significant effect. Implications are discussed.

Counselors' and therapists' interpersonal personality and ethical behavior in dual relationship / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To investigate the relation of counselors'and therapists'interpersonal personality on the ethical behavior of dual relationship.Methods:Totally 177 practitioners (21-65 years old) were investigated with 4 interpersonal personality subscales of the Chinese Personality Inventory (CPAI) and the Questionnaire of the attitude of counselors to the ethical behavior of dual relationship.Results:There were no differences of 4 dimension of interpersonal personality on the 6 items of professional relationship between higher and lower groups (Ps ＞ 0.05),but on the other 5 types of dual relations respectively,there were 6 (9％),10 (15％),12 (18％) and 21 items'(32％) score showing statistically difference (Ps ＜ 0.05).Furthermore,more items had score difference on social relationship.Conclusion:It suggests that the counselors'and therapists'interpersonal personality may be related to the ethical behavior in dual relationship.

Aspectos éticos de la evaluación del aprendizaje en las Ciencias Médicas / Medical Sciences learning evaluation ethical issues

Introducción: Las prácticas evaluadoras tienen importantes implicaciones éticas en diversas situaciones problemáticas que pueden presentarse en los diferentes campos disciplinares de las Ciencias Médicas, y en la que la actuación de los profesores tiene un papel fundamental. La ética y la evaluación aportan herramientas para mejorar estrategias didácticas y metodologías encaminadas a la mejoría continua del desarrollo del proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje. Objetivo: Analizar aspectos éticos que pueden presentarse en la evaluación del aprendizaje en las Ciencias Médicas. Material y Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en la que se consultaron 57 artículos relacionados con la evaluación del aprendizaje en las Ciencias Médicas, de los que se utilizaron 23 como referencias bibliográficas. Desarrollo: El ejercicio de la práctica evaluativa, en su dimensión de acto ético, implica valores propios de la educación humanista. Se destacan algunos problemas éticos que se pueden presentar como el poder y la objetividad. Se realizan sugerencias para transformar las prácticas evaluadoras y evitar las fallas éticas que pudieran surgir en el desarrollo del proceso evaluativo. Conclusiones: Las repercusiones éticas más comunes que se pueden presentar en la evaluación del aprendizaje se encuentran en cualquier proceso evaluativo, pero se deben enfrentar con una actitud crítica para lograr el desarrollo del proceso docente-educativo. Se debe dar más utilidad a la evaluación como herramienta ética para orientar la mejoría continua de la calidad del proceso enseñanza aprendizaje y el perfeccionamiento profesional docente(AU)

Introduction: Evaluations practices have an important ethical repercussion in several situations that may occur in the different disciplinary fields of Medical Sciences, and where the behavior of teachers plays a key role. Ethics and evaluation provide tools to improve teaching strategies and methodologies in all teaching areas with the aim of improving continuously the development of teaching-learning process. Objective: To analyze ethical issues that may arise in Medical Science learning evaluations. Material and methods: A bibliographic review was carried out; 57 articles relative to the learning evaluation in the Medical Sciences were consulted, of which 23 were used as bibliographical references. Development: The exercise of evaluation involves, in its dimension as an ethical action, implicate proper values of humanistic education. Among the ethical problems that may arise are power and objectivity. Some suggestions are made to transform evaluation practices and to avoid ethical failures that may arise in the development of the evaluation process. Conclusions:The most common ethical implications that may arise in learning evaluation are found in any evaluation process but must be faced with a critical attitude to achieve a development of the educational process. Ethical evaluation shall be more use as a tool to lead the continuous quality improvement of the teaching-learning process and teachers professional development(AU)

Ampliando comportamentos pró-éticos dos alunos: relato de pesquisa e intervenção com educadores do ensino fundamental / Extending pro-ethical behavior of students: research and intervention with primary school teachers / Ampliación de la conducta proética de los estudiantes: investigación e intervención con los educadores de escuela primaria

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi o de descrever efeitos de uma intervenção realizada com educadoras de primeira série do ensino fundamental, buscando ampliar habilidades sociais básicas compatíveis com repertórios pró-éticos. Participaram cinco educadoras e 57 alunos e foram aplicados dois instrumentos, a Escala de Comportamento Infantil B. de Rutter para professores (ECI-B) e o Questionário de Respostas Socialmente Habilidosas para Professores (QRSH-Pr); e realizadas filmagens de situações de sala de aula pré e pós intervenção. As educadoras participaram de uma proposta de formação continuada, momentos em que se refletiram questões teóricas vinculadas à formação e desenvolvimento ético-moral, além de temáticas diversas, que emergiram dos resultados da aplicação preliminar dos instrumentos utilizados. Os resultados gerais mostraram aumento na interação positiva aluno-educador, na exibição de comportamentos socialmente hábeis, além de diminuição dos indicativos de problemas de comportamento, ampliando assim os comportamentos pró-éticos na realidade investigada. Diante de tais dados, que indicam o envolvimento de docentes e a sensibilidade dos alunos às contingências programadas, parece auspicioso o emprego de procedimentos sistemáticos de ensino mediante rearranjo de contingências para formação continuada dirigida a temas transversais relevantes, como o da ética nas relações interpessoais, a partir do contexto escolar.

The aim of this research was to describe effects of an intervention with educators from the first grade of elementary school, seeking to expand basic social abilities consistent with pro-ethical repertoires. Participated five teachers and 57 students participated and they were applied to the Rutter Child Behavior Scale B. for Teachers (ECI-B) and Questionnaire of Socially Adept Answers for Teachers (QRSH-Pr), beyond classroom situations films before and after intervention. The educators had also participated of a proposal of continued formation, moments in that they had reflected theoretical issues related to training and developing ethical and moral as well as diverse topics, which emerged from the preliminary application of the instruments utilized. The overall results showed an increase in positive student-teacher interaction, in the view of socially skillful behaviors, beyond reduction of indicators of behavior problems, thus extending the pro-ethical behaviors in the investigated reality. These data indicate the involvement of teachers and sensitivity of students with programmed contingencies. In this case, the use of systematic procedures and teaching rearrangement contingencies for continuous formation seems prosperous, especially if targeted themes transverse relevant, as the ethics of interpersonal relationships in the school context.

El objetivo de este estudio fue describir los efectos de una intervención con los educadores de las primeras series de la escuela primaria, buscando ampliar capacidades sociales básicas compatibles con repertorios favorables a la ética. Cinco educadores y 57 estudiantes participaron y se aplicó la Escala de Conducta Infantil B. de Rutter para profesores (ECI-B) y el Cuestionario respuestas socialmente cualificadas para Maestros (QRSH-Pr), además de películas de situaciones en el aula antes y después de la intervención. Los educadores también participaron de una propuesta de formación continuada, momentos donde si habían reflejado preguntas teóricas relacionadas con la formación y el desarrollo de diversos temas éticos y morales, así como los que habían emergido de los resultados preliminares de los instrumentos usados. Los resultados generales mostraron un aumento en la interacción positiva de los estudiantes y maestros, en la exposición de comportamientos socialmente calificados, y la reducción de los indicadores de problemas de conducta, así ampliando los comportamientos que llevan a la ética en la realidad investigada. Teniendo en cuenta estos datos, los cuales indican la participación de los docentes y la sensibilidad de los alumnos ante las contingencias programadas, parece prometedor el uso de procedimientos sistemáticos de enseñanza mediante la reorganización de las contingencias para la formación continua dirigida a los temas transversales relevantes, tales como la ética en las relaciones interpersonales, partiendo del contexto escolar.

Influence of service-learning model on medical graduates' ethical behavioral tendency / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To investigate the influence of service-learning model on medical graduates' ethical behavioral tendency. Methods A self-designed questionnaire was conducted among 302 medical students who have graduated in the last five years including the basic information, ethical behavioral tendency and participation of service-learning. The acquired data was analyzed and com-pared using chi-square test and unconditional logistic multiple regression. Results 68.2%(206/302) undergraduates participated in service-learning. Undergraduates participated in service-learning be-haved more ethical than those did not participated when facing the situation of patient' vomits (P=0.037). There were statistical differences in taking bribes from patients between those participated in service-learning and those did not (P=0.031). According to the results of unconditional logistic multiple regression analysis, whether participating in the service-learning is one of significant factors influenc-ing undergraduates' attitude towards bride-taking. Conclusions Medical students educated by service-learning model will exhibited more ethically accepted medical behaviors after becoming doctors. Ser-vice-learning model, a new medical education model, is worth promoting.

Clients' evaluation on ethical behavior of their counselors or psychotherapists / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To explore the clients' assessment for the ethical behavior of the counselors and psychotherapists.Methods:The main method used in this evaluation was questionnaire,and the self-made questionnaire of the ethical problems in psychotherapy and counseling(for the clients)were used as evaluation tools.Totally 1100 clients,from 12 cities in China,were investigated with 807 questionnaires returned.Results:84.5% of the clients were confident in the treatments,and 89.2% of them gave positive assessment for the ability of their counselors and psychotherapists.15.9% of clients said the counselors and psychotherapists showed impatience or talked to them about their stress sometimes.Besides,59.1% knew about the characters,names and charge of the psychotherapies and counseling,and 53.4% knew the background of the counselors and psychotherapists.91.3% of clients thought the privacy and treatment could be kept secret.7% of clients had intimate relationship with their counselors or psychotherapists,1.5% had sexual relations,and 18.3% made friends in lives.79% of clients could receive timely psychotherapies and counseling.Conclusion:From the assessment of the clients,the vast majorities of the counselors and psychotherapists do well in work ability,confidentiality and time-setting,but not so well in informed-consent and dual relations,which need to be paid attention to and improved.

Core Values of the Code of Ethics in Practice Dentistry / 中国医学伦理学

The ethical behavior of dentists is one of the most important factors in the promotion of quality dental care and recognition of dentists as professionals.This paper first provided the Code of Ethics of the Dental Practice identifies ten core values on the basis of the Code of Ethics of the North American Dentist and Dental Hygienists' Association combined with the analysis of Chinese stomatological practice.The core values are autonomy,confidentiality,social trust,nonmaleficence,beneficence,justice,veracity,fidelity,paternalism,and utility.They may promote the development of the standard management of the ethical behavior of Chinese dentists.